Within the language professions, translation has been conventionally understood as a largely direct mapping from a source language text to a target language text. However, in recent times, researchers have begun to conceive of translation more broadly as a notion that encompasses a transformative process. Modernity has brought with it a number of opportunities and challenges, and these have played out differently in different fields of knowledge. This chapter explores the field of scholarly publishing, looking specifically at how various characteristics of modernity have brought about transformations in this field, sometimes in unexpected ways. Following a brief history of scholarly publishing, the chapter examines how technology, in particular, has contributed to open access publishing, predatory publishing, science communication, the hegemony of English in scholarly publishing, and finally how machine translation and generative AI technology may help to pave the way for more multilingual scholarly publishing. Overall, what is revealed through this look at technological translations in the scholarly publishing field is that translation, when viewed at a broader level of abstraction, entails not so much a simple and direct conversion from source to target, but rather a complex negotiation that leads to a non-linear and multistep transformative process.