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Geodesic domes are efficient hemispherical structures derived from geodesic polyhedrons, composed of triangular or polygonal elements forming a stable and rigid shell. Known for evenly distributing stresses, these domes support significant loads relative to their weight. Their triangulated geometry offers exceptional resistance to external forces, making them suitable for various engineering and architectural applications. The first geodesic dome, built in 1922 at the Zeiss optics factory in Jena, Germany, served as a planetarium projection surface. Later popularized by R. Buckminster Fuller, geodesic domes found use in residential buildings, greenhouses, water storage facilities, and exhibition pavilions, valued for maximizing space while minimizing material usage, appealing for sustainable and cost-efficient projects. This study enhances dome performance by leveraging advanced computational design techniques to minimize frame volume and connection complexity while treating the base radius as a fixed shape constraint. By varying the frequency of polyhedral subdivisions and sectional properties, the structural topology is parametrically adjusted to explore configurations that optimize material efficiency and performance. The computational framework integrates parametric modelling in Grasshopper with Alpaca4D, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) plugin based on OpenSees, to simulate structural behaviour under realistic conditions, including self-weight and non-uniform loading. The optimization process is driven by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) implemented through the Galapagos solver, enabling systematic exploration of the design space. This integrated approach allows for the adaptive handling of constraints, including tensile strength, buckling resistance, and displacement limits, by reformulating the problem using penalty functions. The workflow efficiently assesses structural configurations, balancing performance and material usage, so showing the benefits of combining generative design with traditional engineering analysis in modern geodesic dome applications.

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Advanced Optimization of Geodesic Dome Structures: Minimizing Frame Volume and Structural Complexity Through Integrated Evolutionary Algorithms

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Laura Sardone,
  • Stefanos Sotiropoulos,
  • Alessandra Fiore

摘要

Geodesic domes are efficient hemispherical structures derived from geodesic polyhedrons, composed of triangular or polygonal elements forming a stable and rigid shell. Known for evenly distributing stresses, these domes support significant loads relative to their weight. Their triangulated geometry offers exceptional resistance to external forces, making them suitable for various engineering and architectural applications. The first geodesic dome, built in 1922 at the Zeiss optics factory in Jena, Germany, served as a planetarium projection surface. Later popularized by R. Buckminster Fuller, geodesic domes found use in residential buildings, greenhouses, water storage facilities, and exhibition pavilions, valued for maximizing space while minimizing material usage, appealing for sustainable and cost-efficient projects. This study enhances dome performance by leveraging advanced computational design techniques to minimize frame volume and connection complexity while treating the base radius as a fixed shape constraint. By varying the frequency of polyhedral subdivisions and sectional properties, the structural topology is parametrically adjusted to explore configurations that optimize material efficiency and performance. The computational framework integrates parametric modelling in Grasshopper with Alpaca4D, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) plugin based on OpenSees, to simulate structural behaviour under realistic conditions, including self-weight and non-uniform loading. The optimization process is driven by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) implemented through the Galapagos solver, enabling systematic exploration of the design space. This integrated approach allows for the adaptive handling of constraints, including tensile strength, buckling resistance, and displacement limits, by reformulating the problem using penalty functions. The workflow efficiently assesses structural configurations, balancing performance and material usage, so showing the benefits of combining generative design with traditional engineering analysis in modern geodesic dome applications.