Deep-sea mining presents significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning the generation and dispersion of sediment plumes. These plumes, created during harvesting of seabed minerals and other extraction activities, are transported by ocean currents and may affect benthic habitats and marine ecosystems outside the direct mining area. Drawing parallels with sediment management practices from dredging, this chapter explores monitoring and modeling techniques tailored for deep-sea conditions. It highlights the importance of integrated approaches that combine baseline data collection, advanced modeling, and real-time monitoring to predict and mitigate plume impacts. By leveraging numerical models dynamically coupled with hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and ecological components, the chapter describes a comprehensive framework for sediment plume assessment. The iterative refinement of these models, informed by field data from test mining campaigns, ensures predictive accuracy and supports operational planning. Additionally, the chapter underscores the role of cutting-edge technologies, such as adaptive management tools and real-time feedback systems, in aligning resource extraction with environmental stewardship. The work emphasizes the critical role of empirical data from test mining campaigns in calibrating and validating these models. Key advancements in modeling include dynamic coupling of near-field and far-field processes, predictive capabilities for sediment dispersion, and adaptive management strategies informed by real-time monitoring. Drawing on lessons from dredging and supported by regulatory frameworks such as the International Seabed Authority’s (ISA) guidelines, this chapter provides actionable insights into environmental stewardship, ensuring sustainable practices for future deep-sea mining operations.