The aviation industry has stringent criteria for the materials used in its components. These materials must be both lightweight and have excellent heat resistance, as well as the ability to withstand various conditions. In addition, they must possess the capability to endure electromagnetic interference, which is another essential requirement. However, only a limited number of materials can meet all of these criteria. In the past, metals were employed for making aeronautical components; but due to the several associated drawbacks, this was not the most advantageous choice. Metals are known for being significantly dense and susceptible to corrosion, both of which can compromise their effectiveness and reduce their durability. To overcome these limitations, researchers have developed synthetic nanofillers-based polymer nanocomposites that meet the industry's requirements as explored in the current chapter. The small size and unique characteristics of the filler material tailors the undesirable properties of the polymer matrix. The fabrication of these materials generally entails altering existing materials or amalgamating two or more materials to generate composites. The review signifies the crucial applications of the functional materials that can be created by combining synthetic nanofillers as reinforcement materials with a polymeric matrix, resulting in improved performance for use in the aerospace industry.