Precast concrete members are increasingly being adopted, but their performance under impact loading is yet to be verified. In this study, precast concrete (PC) columns with pressed sleeve connections are investigated using finite-element (FE) simulations in LS-DYNA, accompanied by the establishment of reinforced concrete (RC) columns to facilitate a comparative analysis. The simulations are verified against experimental data. This validation underscores that the FEM models exhibit robust accuracy in simulating the impact force, displacement, and failure modes of the columns. Following this validation, an intensive parametric study is carried out to explore the influence of impact parameters on the dynamic responses of the columns. The results show that as the axial compression ratio increases, the peak displacement of the member decreases. With an increase in impact velocity, both the peak impact force and peak displacement of the member increase. Under the same impact kinetic energy, a larger impact mass leads to greater impact displacement and smaller impact force. When considering the influence of interfacial failure stress between the new and old concrete, the peak displacement of the member increases.