Populism and Hate Feelings
摘要
A new wave of right- and left-wing populism has been on the rise since the 1990s, fueling polarization and conflict around the world. The high levels of polarization instilled by the populist worldview intensify negative emotions among antagonistic groups, escalating from generalized fear to more attack-oriented and demeaning emotions such as anger, contempt, disgust, and ultimately hate—one of the most destructive and understudied human feelings. Hate is an intense, enduring, and meaningful emotional experience at the core of many racial, religious, ideological, and political conflicts, including those fostered by the populist worldview. Surprisingly, compared to other emotions, hate has been scarcely studied in the context of populism. In the present chapter, I propose a three-phase theoretical model to explain how the populist worldview might progressively lead to the emergence of hate feelings. This chapter provides a review of the main characteristics of the populist worldview, the distinctive features of hate, and highlights the exceptional match between them through hate’s unique component emotions, appraisals, and goals. The implications of experiencing hate beyond other discrete negative emotions in the context of populism and its consequences for intergroup conflict are discussed.