This study is the first to investigate the reoffending of hate crime offenders in England and Wales, and the first to examine the factors that might predict a later hate crime. Administrative records of a population of 38,579 men aged 18 and older released from prison in England and Wales were followed up for one year after release. A total of 355 men had an index offence for a hate offence. When matched on a validated risk assessment measure with non-hate crime offenders, those who had an index offence of hate crime and classified as having a low likelihood of reoffending were significantly more likely to reoffend. Similarly, hate crime offenders also tended to commit a greater number of reoffences than non-hate crime offenders. Hate crime offenders could therefore be qualitatively different (i.e., have a hate orientation) or they could be quantitatively different (i.e., be prolific offenders). However, what these results do suggest is that the reoffending of hate crime offenders may not be well captured by current risk assessment, and furthermore, that interventions specifically designed to reduce the repetition of hate crime offenders may be warranted.

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Examining the Reoffending of Hate Crime Offenders in England and Wales

  • Darrick Jolliffe,
  • Jon Garland,
  • Ian Brunton-Smith

摘要

This study is the first to investigate the reoffending of hate crime offenders in England and Wales, and the first to examine the factors that might predict a later hate crime. Administrative records of a population of 38,579 men aged 18 and older released from prison in England and Wales were followed up for one year after release. A total of 355 men had an index offence for a hate offence. When matched on a validated risk assessment measure with non-hate crime offenders, those who had an index offence of hate crime and classified as having a low likelihood of reoffending were significantly more likely to reoffend. Similarly, hate crime offenders also tended to commit a greater number of reoffences than non-hate crime offenders. Hate crime offenders could therefore be qualitatively different (i.e., have a hate orientation) or they could be quantitatively different (i.e., be prolific offenders). However, what these results do suggest is that the reoffending of hate crime offenders may not be well captured by current risk assessment, and furthermore, that interventions specifically designed to reduce the repetition of hate crime offenders may be warranted.