Weight optimization of aircraft structures requires materials that offer the required performance using lightweight components primarily based on sustainable and recyclable aluminum alloys. This material offers low densities compared to other materials, thus reducing the aircraft’s weight and increasing load capacity and fuel efficiency. Hardness and strength are improved by combining alloying and heat treatment to withstand high loads and vibrations. In aerospace applications, where harsh environments are present, properties such as fatigue strength and corrosion resistance must be improved to extend the service life of components. Severe plastic deformation of aluminum alloys allows the production of materials with unique property-microstructure relationships capable of offering high-strength and other functional properties by exploiting the phase transformations of materials under mechanical loading. The primary purpose of this chapter is to examine Mexican infrastructure and the technological capabilities to develop components based on aluminum-lithium alloys through severe plastic deformation for aerospace applications. However, despite the advances, there is a pressing need for increased scientific research that promotes the technical capabilities of manufacturing aircraft components based on these materials in Mexico.