Medical Affairs has evolved into a central function within pharmaceutical companies, supporting business strategy while maintaining scientific integrity. It serves as a bridge between commercial, regulatory, and scientific functions, ensuring evidence-based decision-making. Key enabling activities include scientific expertise for product launches, development of scientific narratives, business development support, and regulatory collaboration. Medical Science Liaisons (MSLs) play a pivotal role in engaging with healthcare professionals (HCPs) and gathering real-world evidence (RWE). Additionally, Medical Affairs contributes to innovation by leveraging digital transformation, data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI). It also plays a key role in health economics, market access, and post-market surveillance to ensure patient safety and product value.