This first analytical chapter of the book presents the results of the QCAs analysing the conditions under which regionalist party demands have come into existence and evolved. The findings show that regionalist party demands arose either in sub-state communities with strong sociological or economic distinctiveness and political grievances, or came with the spillover of the demands of such cases to sub-state communities with weaker forms of distinctiveness and grievances. The increase of regionalist party demands, in turn, is shown to have come with the frustration of existing demands in large sub-state communities with strong sociological or economic distinctiveness, or with the spillover of other communities’ demands or statutes in cases with lower political grievances. Instances of demand decreases among regionalist parties are shown to be related to more moderate regionalist parties receiving the largest electoral score in their sub-state community, rather than with the moderation of the demands of a regionalist party itself. The disappearance of regionalist party demands, finally, is shown to have occurred either because of the breakdown of existing democratic institutions, or when regionalist parties see their main demands realised and do not strategically reposition themselves as to take-up an alternative political stake.