Microplastics have been described as widely distributed and new emerging contaminants. Microplastics with land-based sources including domestic sewage, industrial runoff, and littering, were carried by rivers and streams mainly responsible for polluting the inland water system. Microplastics also have adverse effects on the aquatic biota and might even be dangerous to human health. Since microplastics may end up in the marine environment, being one of their last stops via inland water systems as their primary transporting route, their movement and transformation into the inland water systems appear to be more instructive than in the marine environment. This chapter overviews the various sources of microplastics, their migration, and their fate in inland water systems. The distribution of microplastic in Indian inland water systems is also discussed in detail and its risks and effects are also summarized.