Perception is a complex process that has been studied extensively across various disciplines. This chapter examines James J. Gibson’s Ecological Theory in relation to other influential theories of perception, including Gestalt Theory and Information Processing Theory. By exploring the key principles, mechanisms, and applications of each framework, the study highlights the diverse approaches researchers have taken to understand how individuals interact with and interpret their environments. In the context of environmental perception, Ecological Theory, Gestalt Theory, and Information Processing Theory represent distinct yet interrelated approaches to understanding perception. While Ecological Theory highlights the direct interaction with environmental affordances, Gestalt Theory and Information Processing Theory illuminate the internal cognitive processes that also shape perception. By comparing these theories, researchers can appreciate the multifaceted nature of perceptual experience and apply these insights to diverse fields such as design, urban planning, and cognitive psychology. Moreover, by focusing on the direct interaction between individuals and their surroundings, this chapter underscores the importance of designing environments that are intuitive, engaging, and supportive of human well-being and cognitive performance.