This study explores the intersection of Industry 4.0 and human capital in computer science. For this bibliometric research, bibliographic data were collected from the Lens database, an Australian public database of publications and patents. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to screen records during the primary study selection process. The final dataset comprises 56 articles published between 2018 and 2023, reflecting the recent surge in interest in this field. The data were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package for bibliometric analysis, supported by the Biblioshiny web interface. The focus is on analyzing publication trends, key research areas, and significant sources in the field. Based on the systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, key research themes are identified, including the impact of digitalization and automation on the workforce, and ways to optimize the interaction between technological development and human capital. The results of the study highlight the critical role of human capital in the era of digital transformation and emphasize the importance of HR strategies aimed at successfully adapting to the conditions of Industry 4.0. The proposed findings can be useful for further research, as well as for the formation of recommendations for businesses, educational institutions and public policy bodies.