It is impossible to create an innovative model of socio-economic development without taking into account the human factor. In this regard, modern methods of labor potential assessment should reflect a certain level of its innovative development at the micro level of the enterprise. Therefore, there is an objective need for further development and improvement of methodological support for assessing the innovative development of the enterprise’s labor potential. The authors have developed and proposed an assessment of the level of innovative development and use of the enterprise’s labor potential, which is based on the construction of an assessment system that includes general and specific indicators of the level of innovative development of the labor potential and the effectiveness of its use. Specific indicators are considered: direct characteristics of the achieved level of labor potential development, since they characterize both theoretical training and practical skills, and creative prospects. General indicators allow a qualitative and quantitative presentation of the state of the labor potential and its dynamics. The authors believe that taxonomic coefficients can be general indicators and demonstrate the process of their construction. The application of the described method allows determining developing trends at the enterprise in the optimal time: simultaneous increase in the volume of labor potential and the level of its use, decrease in the volume of labor potential and the level of its use, a slowdown in the volume of labor potential while the rate of growth of its use is increasing.