It is difficult to imagine the development of the modern world without transport. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the state and operation of transport networks in dynamics in individual regions of the Russian Federation, since they can act as factors influencing the state of a certain territory and the level of its development. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of transport systems of individual regions in Russia and determine its impact on the operation of the road infrastructure of these territories. To achieve this goal and conduct a comparative analysis, the method of relative differences was used to normalize statistical data, calculate integral indices and correlations between them, and rank regions based on the data obtained. The results of calculating the indices of development and operation of transport networks of the Volga Federal District regions, calculating the correlation between them, and comparing the results of ranking regions made it possible to confirm the original hypothesis that, in modern conditions, the state of the road infrastructure directly affects the activity of its operation.