In the context of global technological transformations and geopolitical challenges, the study of management of technological sovereignty formation is becoming especially relevant for ensuring national security and sustainable development. The research purpose is to study issues of formation and management of technological sovereignty in key sectors of the Russian economy. Technological sovereignty is defined as a strategic state of national production, scientific and technical infrastructure. The key indicator is the country’s ability to independently produce critically important products given the necessary resources to achieve the required volumes and technological standards. The study focuses on the key sources of formation of technological priorities, especially in the field of cross-cutting and critically important technologies. The work is based on system analysis, expert assessments and statistical analysis of data on technological development. The results of the study include the development of a functional model for managing technological sovereignty, identifying critical areas of technological development and forming practical recommendations for their implementation. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the obtained results in forming state policy in the field of technological development and import substitution. The authors analyze current trends in the field of innovative economics, which can serve as a resource for analysts specializing in relevant topics and representatives of regional administrative structures.