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This chapter examines how criminal governance is structured and the characteristics enabling a criminal non-state actor (CNSA) to accumulate local power capable of spilling over its capacities to be a significant player in contemporary international relations. Subsequently, it introduces an extension of this discussion, termed the concept of hybrid governance. Finally, the chapter brings concluding remarks reflecting on how criminal and hybrid governance serve as fundamental foundations for criminal non-state actors (CNSAs) to become global actors, extending their localized authority from a specific social space to the international sphere.

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Governance Capacities and Criminal Non-state Actors: Dominating the Local to Expand Globally

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Marcos Alan Ferreira

摘要

This chapter examines how criminal governance is structured and the characteristics enabling a criminal non-state actor (CNSA) to accumulate local power capable of spilling over its capacities to be a significant player in contemporary international relations. Subsequently, it introduces an extension of this discussion, termed the concept of hybrid governance. Finally, the chapter brings concluding remarks reflecting on how criminal and hybrid governance serve as fundamental foundations for criminal non-state actors (CNSAs) to become global actors, extending their localized authority from a specific social space to the international sphere.