Soil erosion is one of the major agricultural and environmental challenges worldwide, posing a persistent threat to food sustainability. Soil erosion and degradation deplete nutrients, reducing soil quality and its ability to support agriculture, ultimately impacting food security. Human activities, such as intensive agriculture, deforestation, and urbanization, exacerbate these phenomena, leading to nutrient loss and decreased soil fertility. Over the past two decades, research on soil erosion has significantly increased, with the number of publications rising from 2000 to 2024, a 5.42% annual rate. This surge reflects the growing scientific interest in understanding and mitigating soil erosion through advanced methodologies and technological innovations. To quantify soil erosion and inform conservation strategies, models like the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) are commonly applied. These methods estimate soil loss based on factors such as rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), land use/land cover (C), and conservation practices (P). Among geospatial methods, USLE and RUSLE have particularly benefited from advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enabling more precise spatial analyses and large-scale erosion assessments. The integration of remote sensing and GIS has enhanced the accuracy and applicability of these models, allowing for improved soil conservation planning and decision-making. This chapter aims to present a literature review on geospatial soil erosion models using USLE and RUSLE methods, highlighting their evolution and the role of modern technologies in refining soil erosion assessments.