This chapter explores the complex interplay between sleep, chronotype, and learning across different stage of development, offering primary care providers evidence-based insights to support patient education and intervention. It highlights how sleep influences cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and academic performance, from early childhood through adulthood. This chapter discusses key developmental shifts in sleep needs, the role of chronotype, and the impact of environmental and cultural factors. Practical guidance is provided on sleep assessment tools, interventions, and referral recommendations tailored for each age group. By addressing sleep disparities related to health equity, cultural context, and socio-economic factors, the chapter equips providers to offer personalized, culturally competent care that promotes cognitive, social, and academic success across the lifespan.