Transformer substations, as critical infrastructure in the power system, generate wastewater during operation, posing significant environmental and maintenance challenges. Traditional treatment methods, such as septic tanks and integrated powered sewage treatment devices, often fall short of meeting increasingly stringent environmental standards. With the rapid development of rural wastewater treatment technologies, there is a pressing need to develop efficient and economical wastewater treatment technologies suitable for transformer substations. This paper examines the limitations of existing treatment technologies based on the characteristics of substation wastewater. It explores innovative solutions through the study of anaerobic combined treatment processes and powered oxidation treatment processes. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the efficient treatment of wastewater in transformer substations.