In recent years flash floods have become a growing problem that affects almost all areas of Europe and the world. Urban and highly developed areas are especially vulnerable to the dangers of rapid rainwater runoff. Infrastructure damage, high financial losses, and the lives and health of residents are all a consequence of their contributions. Many large floods have occurred in Polish cities in recent years. In this paper, flash floods in Poland are examined based on selected cases. The identification of causes, challenges, and prospects for similar events in the future is done in the context of ongoing climate change. Quantitative analysis using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) highlights the severity of the situation, with SPI for Poland projected to range from 5.18 to 5.4 under the RCP4.5 climate change scenario and from 5.19 to 5.82 under the RCP8.5 scenario between 2021 and 2100, reflecting significant shift in precipitation patterns, which are primary drivers of flash floods in the region.