In the recent years, the world has faced major environmental concerns due to rapid urbanization and industry, which has increased groundwater contamination. The industrial areas around Tannery Industries and its surroundings pose a significant risk of groundwater contamination, endangering both human health and the delicate balance of the ecology due to the presence of Leather and Sports goods industries. This industry employs a substantial amount of chromium (Cr) and compounds derived from chromium. Chromium concentration can be estimated using a Triple Quad Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer, an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, and many other sophisticated Techniques that have been discussed in this chapter. The USEPA-proposed approach uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) to determine groundwater quality and the associated human health risks for adults. It has been reported in many studies that the tanning industries have high levels of chromium contamination around them. Health risks associated with chromium contamination of drinking water pose challenges to the sustainability of the tanning industry. Many techniques are being used nowadays to remediate chromium from drinking water. The current study supports the Global goal no. 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 17 interlinked Global goals that are designed to be a “blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all.”