This chapter delves into the principles, techniques, and applications of aerial photography and photogrammetry, two interrelated fields integral to remote sensing and geospatial analysis. Together, they enable the capture of high-resolution imagery from airborne platforms and the extraction of precise spatial information. The chapter begins by exploring the concept, history, and methodologies of aerial photography capturing images from elevated positions, typically via aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles. It discusses aerial photography systems, cameras, and their applications, alongside their advantages, such as detailed imagery, flexible coverage, and specialized data acquisition, as well as their limitations. Subsequently, the chapter examines photogrammetry, a method for deriving accurate measurements and 3D spatial data from aerial photographs. It outlines the process of constructing photogrammetric approaches, along with the types, scales, and measurement techniques essential for producing reliable spatial information. The practical applications of aerial photography and photogrammetry are also explored across fields such as topographic mapping, land surveying, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and infrastructure development. Their role in disaster management, resource exploration, and archaeological research is emphasized, highlighting the value of aerial imagery in delivering up to date, detailed for informed decision-making. In conclusion, this chapter offers a comprehensive overview of aerial photography and photogrammetry, examining their technological advancements and multidisciplinary applications. By addressing these topics, it equips readers with a robust understanding of their capabilities and potential in remote sensing and geospatial analysis.