Efficient supply chain management is a key factor in the competitiveness of modern transportation companies, especially those operating airport-based logistics hubs. This study applies simulation modelling to analyze and optimize cargo transportation processes within a supply chain network, integrating a central hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport and regional distribution centers in Poland. The optimization focused on adjusting the number of transport vehicles, improving route planning, and maximizing fleet utilization. As a result, the number of vehicles was reduced from 28 to 15, while the average load factor increased from 0.1 to 0.79, significantly improving transport resource efficiency. Additionally, simulation identified critical inefficiencies in vehicle utilization and optimizing transport routes to minimize empty trips and waiting times. Implementation of optimization strategies led to a reduction in operational costs and enhanced the responsiveness of the logistics network to fluctuating demand. The results demonstrate that dynamic routing, adaptive fleet allocation, and intelligent cargo distribution significantly enhance the performance, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of an airport-integrated logistics system. The study highlights the benefits of simulation-based decision-making in optimizing logistics networks, reducing transportation costs, and increasing overall supply chain resilience.