One of the key aspects of ensuring aviation safety is the communication system. This system allows transmitting useful and necessary information during aircraft flights and operations to control air routes, takeoff, and landing. The functioning of communication systems is aimed at meeting the needs of aviation enterprises and airlines. At the same time, communication equipment has various parameters that characterize its effectiveness in terms of functional purpose, technical capabilities, economic indicators, reliability, and operational properties. Some of these parameters relate to quality of service characteristics. This paper analyzes the characteristics of aviation communication equipment within the framework of the effectiveness of meeting the needs of consumers of air navigation services. The authors provide a complete list of quality of service characteristics and describe the features of their calculation and modeling. The main focus is on reliability characteristics, analysis of their models, and features of data processing for evaluating numerical values. The results of the study may be useful for aviation enterprise personnel when operating communication systems.