Lignin, a renewable and abundant biopolymer derived from lignocellulosic biomass, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic materials. Its complex structure, rich in functional groups, imparts valuable properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility. These attributes, combined with lignin’s versatility and potential for cost-effective processing, have stimulated extensive research for biomedical applications. In recent years, lignin composites have emerged as promising candidates for developing innovative medical materials and devices. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of lignin’s composition, properties, and extraction methods while discussing fabrication techniques for lignin composites that highlight their biological activities. The recent advancements in utilizing lignin composites for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering, are thoroughly reviewed. Additionally, the chapter outlines future directions, serving as a valuable resource for promoting the use of lignin composites in the biomedical field.