Biomass and sustainable raw materials play a pivotal role in driving industries towards the principles of green technology and sustainability. Nature offers a diverse range of renewable raw materials with distinct properties and chemical compositions. The intersection of green nanotechnology and biomedical sciences creates opportunities for extensive biological research and medical applications at the molecular and cellular levels, aiming to develop eco-friendly nano-systems that yield significant economic and social benefits with low environmental impact. This innovative concept also opens avenues for utilizing nontoxic reagents and metabolites from living organisms in the green synthesis of nano-systems, encompassing metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and vesicular drug delivery. The simplicity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of production, coupled with enhanced properties, position green synthesis of sustainable materials as promising candidates for bioengineering applications. In particular, biomedical and bioengineering processes stand to gain directly from this emerging technology field. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of sustainable raw materials for the biogenic synthesis of active pharmaceuticals, serving either as carriers to deliver drugs to target sites or as active moieties for bioengineering.