This study documents the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Tamang community in Dandabas in central Nepal. The focus of the study was on medicinal plants used in traditional healthcare. A total of 115 respondents from Dandabas and adjoining areas were interviewed. The interviews were supplemented with direct observation at different seasons in 2010/11 and revisited in 2016/17. We have documented the extensive knowledge of the community, identifying 100 plant species (from 62 families and 95 genera) that were used to treat a range of 29 health conditions. Fever, cuts, and dislocated bones were the most common ailments addressed with traditional remedies. Bergenia ciliata emerged as the most frequently used plant. However, the findings revealed a potential decline in traditional knowledge (TK) due to a shift towards modern medicine. This highlights the crucial need for collaborative research that respects intellectual property rights to document this valuable knowledge before it disappears. Furthermore, promoting sustainable practices like cultivating medicinal plants and conducting ethical scientific exploration through phytochemical analysis and bioprospecting with fair benefit sharing can ensure the continued use of this knowledge by the Tamang community. Ultimately, these efforts can contribute to biodiversity conservation and potentially lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic resources for global health.