The Muthuvan ethnic group in Kerala, India, maintains a rich customary expertise based on medicinal plants that are widely used to cure many common illnesses. This research outlines 50 medicinal plant species from 29 families that the Muthuvans make use of in their traditional medications. The research article includes the scientific names of the plants, the specific parts that are utilized, and the community’s accepted practices for preparing medicines. The aforementioned data demonstrates the close ties that exist between the Muthuvan community and their natural surroundings, as well as the sustainable methods used to gather and use the resources that are accessible. The results underscore the gravity of safeguarding and conserving this inevitable knowledge and further understanding of traditional medicinal practices among indigenous groups across India.