The conventional health assessment of bridge structures mainly uses physical data simulation analysis to obtain the assessment results, ignoring the impact of data calibration time differences on the assessment results, resulting in high absolute residual values of the assessment results. Therefore, a bridge structure health assessment algorithm based on heterogeneous sensor data fusion simulation is proposed. Calculate the covariance and convert it into a time state vector, jointly calibrate the data time, perform decision level data fusion, use the fused data to establish a bridge structure simulation model, set bridge structure health status evaluation indicators and perform consistency judgment, calculate the composite weight regeneration evaluation algorithm, and obtain the bridge structure health status evaluation results. The experimental results show that the evaluation results obtained after the application of the proposed algorithm exhibit a low absolute residual value, with a mean of only 2.87, indicating high accuracy and meeting the practical needs of bridge structure operation and maintenance.