On Graphs of Incremental Proofs of Sequential Work
摘要
In this work, we characterize graphs of (graph-labeling) incremental proofs of sequential work (iPoSW). First, we define incremental graphs and prove they are necessary for iPoSWs. Relying on space pebbling complexity of incremental graphs, we show that the depth-robust graphs underling the PoSW of Mahmoody et al., are not incremental, and hence, their PoSW cannot be transformed into an iPoSW. Second, and toward a generic iPoSW construction, we define graphs whose structure is compatible with the incremental sampling technique (Döttling et al.). These are dynamic graphs. We observe that the graphs underlying all PoSWs, standalone or incremental, are dynamic. We then generalize current iPoSW schemes by giving a generic construction that transforms any PoSW whose underlying graph is incremental and dynamic into an iPoSW. As a corollary, we get a new iPoSW based on the modified Cohen-Pietrzak graph. When used in constructing blockchain light-client bootstrapping protocols (Abusalah et al.), such an iPoSW, results in the most efficient bootstrappers/provers, in terms of both proof size and space complexity. Along the way, we show that previous iPoSW definitions allow for trivial solutions. To overcome this, we provide a refined definition that captures the essence of iPoSWs and is satisfied by all known iPoSW constructions.