The synthesis of biomaterials through green chemistry principles offers a sustainable approach to addressing environmental challenges while advancing biomedical applications. Green chemistry aims to reduce the environmental impact of chemical processes by minimizing hazardous materials, maximizing resource utilization, and enhancing energy efficiency. This review highlights the role of renewable resources, such as plant-derived polymers (cellulose, chitosan) and bio-based monomers (lactic acid for polylactic acid), in the synthesis of environmentally friendly biomaterials. These materials, which are biodegradable, reduce reliance on petroleum-based products, lowering carbon footprints. Non-toxic reagents and solvents, such as e-solvents, are emphasized for their ability to reduce environmental pollutants and improve safety profiles in chemical operations. Energy-efficient techniques like enzymatic catalysis and microwave-assisted synthesis are explored for their potential to decrease reaction times, energy consumption, and waste generation. Examples such as the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates and bioactive ceramics underscore the benefits of these processes in the production of biocompatible and functional biomaterials. Green chemistry also focuses on atom economy and waste minimization, employing strategies like click chemistry and recyclable catalysts to improve yield and reduce by-products. Several case studies illustrate the successful integration of these green methodologies in the production of biodegradable polymers for drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffolds. Overall, green chemistry in biomaterial synthesis enhances environmental sustainability, material functionality, and safety.