This chapter addresses the presence of violence and rights violations in the context of institutional care, which constitutes a serious threat to the integral protection of childhood and its policies. That is because a child may be referred to institutional care when fragilities are identified in the exercise of protective functions by primary caregivers, it being a disaster when that child experiences new violence or violations in the institutional care. Thus, it is considered fundamental to address such situations to identify, prevent, and combat them, this being the central purpose of this chapter, which has the following structure: the text begins by contextualizing the experience of institutional care and violence against children in this scenario, taking as a reference the Bioecological Theory of Human Development, with emphasis on person, process, context, and time as elements. Then, to exemplify the presence of violence in the context of institutional care, as well as the possibilities of preventing and combating them, some cases in an institution located in southern Brazil are presented and discussed. At the end of the chapter, we present some directions so that this content can be inspiring for the identification, prevention, and confrontation of violence and rights violations against children in other contexts.