Balancing the demands of a life in academic medicine provides a unique challenge. Physicians are a driven group accustomed to sacrificing sleep, food, and physical activity to achieve their goals. A balanced diet, ample sleep, and physical activity are essential for peak performance. These three fundamental needs are not independent entities but interconnected and interactive. In this chapter, the importance of sleep, nutrition, and physical activity for optimal performance will be discussed. Each section will focus on the impact on overall health, metabolism, and neuroimmune function and tips for improving performance.