This chapter examines the regulatory and ethical complexities surrounding the use of generative AI in academia. As AI tools increasingly influence research, teaching, and evaluation, scholars must navigate a fragmented and rapidly evolving legal landscape—including issues of data protection, intellectual property, and institutional compliance. The chapter highlights major legal risks, such as privacy violations under GDPR and copyright uncertainties tied to AI-generated content. It also addresses deeper ethical concerns, including AI’s tendency to reinforce academic bias, its opacity, and its impact on authorship, originality, and student assessment. Drawing on examples from peer review, grant applications, and educational settings, this chapter underscores the need for transparent policies, critical engagement, and institutional guidance to ensure that generative AI is used responsibly. Rather than offering definitive answers, it equips academics with the conceptual and practical tools needed to balance innovation with scholarly integrity.