Hair shaft disorders can be present at birth or most commonly be evident in the first months of life. Patients can present with localized or diffuse alopecia or rarely with the complaint that hair do not grow long as they break. They can be classified as hair shaft disorders with increased fragility that cause patchy or diffuse alopecia of different severity and hair shaft disorders without increased fragility, in which changes in hair texture and luster can be observed, but usually not hair loss. Dermatoscopy is able to highlight the typical hair defect of each disorder.