In this Chapter, an overview will be presented of anatomical eponyms used in abdominal surgery. Following eponyms on cleavage lines and incisions of the anterolateral abdominal wall, eponyms on the following aspects are discussed: (a) projections of abdominal organs upon the anterior body wall and certain lines in use for that; (b) the fasciae of the abdominal wall and the perineum; (c) the abdominal walls and the diaphragm; (d) the abdominopelvic cavity with its fasciae; (e) the peritoneal fossae, pouches and recesses; (f) the inguinal canal, its ligaments and its herniae; (g) the abdominal organs; (h) the anorectal canal; (i) the vascularization of the intestines, arteries, veins and the portocaval anastomoses; and (j) the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal organs. For further data on the various authors quoted, reference is made to Part II (The Anatomical Eponyms from A to Z) and figures in this part.