Wildlife trafficking affects most countries worldwide—whether as source, transit, or destination points—yet research on this issue in Spain remains limited. This study draws on data from official reports, press releases, and international databases to explore Spain’s role in the illegal wildlife trade. The findings show that Spain is deeply involved across the entire supply chain, acting simultaneously as a source, transit hub, and end market. Trafficked species serve various purposes, including use as exotic pets, luxury foods, and collectors’ items. The range of motivations and the extent of trafficking highlight Spain’s prominent position in this global illicit trade and underscore the pressing need for further research into both its legal and illegal dimensions.