This chapter traces the reception and evolution of Lacan’s thought in Italy, placing it within both national and transnational cultural and sociopolitical contexts. Beginning in the mid-1960s, Lacanian ideas gained traction despite early opposition. By the 1970s, Lacan’s theories had begun to influence Italian feminism, the gay rights movement, Marxist thought, and the arts. The chapter highlights how the pioneering application of psychoanalysis to social criticism and anti-psychiatry in this period laid the foundation for the sociopolitical commitment of postmillennial Italian Lacanianism. It then examines the 1980s and 1990s, when the rise of Lacanianism was disrupted by the Verdiglione scandal. Finally, it explores the Lacanian renaissance in the twenty-first-century Italy, which was led by a new generation of Italian Lacanians trained by Jacques-Alain Miller, with a focus on the real.