In this chapter I outline previous attempts to encourage men to move beyond manhood and masculinity. I explore movements in the 1970s towards various versions of androgyny and attempts to affirm femininity in men through the manifesto of the effeminists. I examine John Stoltenberg’s provocation in the 1980s to refuse to be a man and John MacInnes’ argument in the 1990s about the end of masculinity. Each of these formulations of a world beyond the gender binary and gender had something constructive to offer but each had theoretical and political limitations which this chapter addresses. Furthermore, since then, men and masculinity theorising has been enriched and destabilised by queer theory, and trans and non-binary perspectives. This chapter considers what these critiques mean for destabilising men, masculinity and manhood, setting the scene for the final two chapters of the book.