Oto-rhino-laryngology is the speciality of caring for people with ear, nose and throat problems. ENT specialists treat hearing, swallowing and speech, breathing and sleep issues, allergies, sinus disorders, and a multitude of head and neck conditions including thyroid lumps and base of skull tumours. Because these orifices are in close contact with the outside world, they are especially prone to infections and allergic responses. ENT conditions account for approximately 8% of all referrals into secondary care.