The dispositional approach to mindfulness is based on the idea that individuals naturally differ in the skills and tendencies described by mindfulness-based theorizing. There are at least eight scales to measure dispositional mindfulness (DM), as will be described. They vary in how they define mindfulness but occupy a similar Big Five space (i.e., lower neuroticism and higher conscientiousness). These individual differences matter in ways that are consistent with Buddhist theorizing, for example, as manifested in lower levels of psychopathological symptoms in combination with higher levels of psychological well-being. The chapter will suggest that variations in dispositional mindfulness can be linked to a number of different mechanisms, some of which are related to attention, some of which are related to emotion regulation, and some of which are related to reflective processes that decouple action from impulse. This analysis poses questions that will benefit from additional scholarship.