This concluding chapter not only draws together the central findings and themes, but also considers their implications for policy, practice, and scholarship. This chapter sets out the ‘transformations’ that have imprinted upon daily prison life and prisoner society, and the impact on prison social and moral order. The chapter also considers why the initial improvements within the YOI (albeit fragile) were not sustained over time, why the prison system seemed to repeat the problems experienced in the YOI, and why the lessons learnt from the YOI were not heeded.