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Background: The gut microbiota, which comprises a vast array of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in overall health, particularly mental well-being. Disturbances in the balance of these microorganisms, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Although the exact causes of these disorders are complex and multifaceted, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between the gut microbiota and the gut‒brain axis may contribute to their underlying mechanisms. This research sought to analyze and compare the gut microbiota composition in individuals diagnosed with MDD and those diagnosed with SZ using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Methods: This study included samples from 44 MDD patients, 50 SZ patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs) recruited from Taiyuan and Zhejiang, China. Sequencing datasets were retrieved from publicly available repositories under NCBI Bioprojects PRJNA1081663 and PRJNA880407. The 16S rRNA sequencing data were processed using EZBioCloud, a specialized bioinformatics platform that supports microbial profiling, diversity analysis, and the identification of microbial taxa with differential abundance among groups. Results: Our metataxonomic analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed notable differences in the gut microbiome composition between patients with MDD and those with SZ and healthy controls. At the phylum level, SZ patients presented a distinct pattern with nearly equal proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and elevated levels of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, whereas MDD patients presented higher proportions of Actinobacteria and lower Bacteroidetes than did controls. At the genus level, MDD patients presented increased Bifidobacterium and Blautia, whereas SZ patients presented increased Bacteroides and Prevotella. Diversity analysis revealed that MDD patients had greater species richness and evenness, suggesting that the gut microbiota is more resilient in MDD patients than in SZ patients. Conclusion: This study revealed significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between SZ patients and MDD patients, further emphasizing the potential role of the microbiome in mental health.

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Gut Microbiome Composition in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Zineb El Kettani,
  • Fatima Azzahrae El Yacoubi,
  • Ansong Dhaud Odei,
  • Soukaina Chakib,
  • Hasnae Bidar,
  • Amina Akhattab,
  • Wajih Rhalem,
  • Abderrazak Rfaki,
  • Mohamed Merzouki,
  • El Mokhtar El Ouali,
  • Youssef Ouazzani Housni Touhami,
  • Nouzha Dini,
  • Najib Al Idrissi,
  • Adnane Benmoussa,
  • Hassan Ghazal

摘要

Background: The gut microbiota, which comprises a vast array of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in overall health, particularly mental well-being. Disturbances in the balance of these microorganisms, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Although the exact causes of these disorders are complex and multifaceted, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between the gut microbiota and the gut‒brain axis may contribute to their underlying mechanisms. This research sought to analyze and compare the gut microbiota composition in individuals diagnosed with MDD and those diagnosed with SZ using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Methods: This study included samples from 44 MDD patients, 50 SZ patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs) recruited from Taiyuan and Zhejiang, China. Sequencing datasets were retrieved from publicly available repositories under NCBI Bioprojects PRJNA1081663 and PRJNA880407. The 16S rRNA sequencing data were processed using EZBioCloud, a specialized bioinformatics platform that supports microbial profiling, diversity analysis, and the identification of microbial taxa with differential abundance among groups. Results: Our metataxonomic analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed notable differences in the gut microbiome composition between patients with MDD and those with SZ and healthy controls. At the phylum level, SZ patients presented a distinct pattern with nearly equal proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and elevated levels of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, whereas MDD patients presented higher proportions of Actinobacteria and lower Bacteroidetes than did controls. At the genus level, MDD patients presented increased Bifidobacterium and Blautia, whereas SZ patients presented increased Bacteroides and Prevotella. Diversity analysis revealed that MDD patients had greater species richness and evenness, suggesting that the gut microbiota is more resilient in MDD patients than in SZ patients. Conclusion: This study revealed significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between SZ patients and MDD patients, further emphasizing the potential role of the microbiome in mental health.