Integrated Management of Grey Mold on Strawberry Plants Combining Fungicides and Trichoderma Asperellum, with Molecular Traceability of the Biocontrol Agent
摘要
Gray mold is a common plant disease in Morocco's strawberry fields. The fungicides are required for disease control, resulting in resistance to the pathogenic agent Botrytis cinerea strains. The purposes of this study were to assess the efficacy of four chemical fungicides combined with Trichoderma asperellum biological control agent to establish an integrated control program for this disease and to identify an approach for tracing the Trichoderma strain after treatment.Treatment programs with the combination of four fungicides (pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxanil, fenhexamid, and mepanipyrim) and Trichoderma asperellum significantly reduced the severity of the disease in strawberry plants inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. The disease reduction percentages are very significant, they varied between 97.12% to 100% after alternating biological and chemical treatments compared to treatment with Trichoderma asperellum (94.58%). The study of genetic traceability by Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) of the Trichoderma asperellum strain SMis1 after reisolation from leaf fragments of treated plants showed that (Trichoderma asperellum) and TH18, isolated from plants treated by SMis1 and Switch, are more dissimilar (32.8%). While the SMis1 strain and the TH12 strain, isolated from a plant treated with SMis1 alone, are less dissimilar (8.6%). Strains TH10 and TH11, isolated from a plant treated by the alternation of SMis1 and Frupica, are the least dissimilar (0%), but between these isolates and TH18 there is a great dissimilarity (46.6%).