Sri Lanka is a middle-income developing country in Southeast Asia. As an island-nation, it is at risk of rising seas, destruction of arable land, and sea encroachment due to climate change. This chapter introduces the book with an overview of Sri Lanka’s environmental challenges and the need to capture the interest and commitment of employees in organizations to protect the environment and ward off the deleterious effects of climate change. Green Human Resource Management and Green Orientation are defined and distinguished as human resource management measures that may be employed. The sample used in empirical studies in subsequent chapters is from the Sri Lanka Air Force. The chapter concludes with a description of the layout of the book.