Supply chains today are facing many challenges from a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous business environment (VUCA world). As a result, enhancing supply chain resilience has become a prevalent topic in both industry and academia. Practitioners and researchers have proposed promising solutions to achieve resilience capability, including agility, visibility, flexibility, collaboration, information sharing, and many emerging technologies. Blockchain technology is considered a silver bullet for building a transparent, traceable, and resilient supply chain. This study aims to synthesize overall aspects of blockchain applications in different fields of supply chain management to enhance resilience capability. To this end, we use a bibliometric and systematic review to investigate 117 high-quality research articles collected from the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis explores the global research landscape with trends of research papers over time, the most influential authors, and interactions between various research streams. The systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of developed frameworks and roadmaps for a blockchain-enabled supply chain in different sectors, as well as critical factors, challenges, and strategies to take advantage of blockchain in proactively and reactively facing disruptions. In addition, this study explores research gaps and provides an outlook for future research in the field of fostering supply chain resilience with blockchain technology.