Kidney and Bladder Exstrophy: Considerations and Caution
摘要
Surgical techniques have dramatically improved for children treated for BE, and the importance of close follow-up is widely recognized. Chronic kidney disease is a known complication in patients; however, it is difficult to identify those patients at risk given the lack of clear risk factors. Therefore, education about kidney disease and prevention is important. Close collaboration between nephrologists and urologists, along with nutritionists and social workers, is critical to maximize outcomes for these complicated patients. Careful attention to blood pressure, urine assessments for albuminuria/proteinuria, and kidney function with both serum creatinine and cystatin C is important in the long term to screen for and manage CKD. The creation of combined urology and nephrology clinics in both the pediatric and adult specialties and transition clinics will be important to optimize the management of these complex patients.