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The authors describe technical details and published outcomes of the Toronto approach for classic bladder exstrophy in males. It consists of a staged repair including bilateral ureteral reimplantation and bladder neck tailoring, with the goal of providing some degree of outlet resistance and possibly enhancing continence with fewer surgical procedures. Epispadias is repaired at 6–12 months after stimulation with testosterone.

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Surgical Management of Male Classic Bladder Exstrophy: The Toronto Approach

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Joao Luiz Pippi Salle,
  • Rodrigo L. P. Romao,
  • Michael Chua

摘要

The authors describe technical details and published outcomes of the Toronto approach for classic bladder exstrophy in males. It consists of a staged repair including bilateral ureteral reimplantation and bladder neck tailoring, with the goal of providing some degree of outlet resistance and possibly enhancing continence with fewer surgical procedures. Epispadias is repaired at 6–12 months after stimulation with testosterone.