Today, environmental pollution is continuously increasing and is becoming a threat to human life due to rapid industrial expansion and population growth. Contamination of groundwater with Arsenic (As) is becoming a global concern because of its lethal effects on human health. To address this issue, several technologies effectively remove Arsenic from groundwater (i.e., Coagulation, Ion-Exchange, Membrane, and Adsorption). Recently, a nanotechnology-based viable method has introduced for removing arsenic from the soil and water because of its robust, energy-efficient, affordable, and eco-friendly nature. Furthermore, the current advancement in nanotechnology-based solutions is being driven by mostly two techniques: (i) Absorption-based and (ii) Membrane-based. Nanomaterials are often employed for the purpose of adsorbents, since they have a huge surface area/volume ratio, which enhances the adsorption capability and renders them potentially appropriate for use in applications requiring greater removal efficiency. Several nanomaterials have recently been explored which can be categorized more specifically as metal, metal oxide-based nanoadsorbent, and carbon-derived nanoadsorbent. The nanotechnology membrane-based solution is another affordable method for eliminating the arsenic content from water up to a certain level. This chapter reviewed the application of different nanoadsorbents and membranes, their synthesis, properties, efficiency, limitations, and mechanism for the removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater. Finally, future trends and perspectives are also discussed.